When your blood pressure stays high for too long, you have hypertension. It can be the result of excess salt, smoking, drinking, obesity, or a combination of factors. Or, as unfair as it is, you might have just inherited high blood pressure.

Hypertension is surrounded by myths and misunderstandings. You may hear all kinds of advice from well-meaning friends and family. Let’s sort through some common myths, so you can make health decisions based on the facts.

MYTH 1: If you feel fine, you don’t have hypertension.

This is far from true. More than 85 million U.S. adults have hypertension, but 1 in 6 have no idea. You can feel fine with hypertension. This is why it’s often called “the silent killer” - because someone with no symptoms can suddenly have a heart attack or stroke.

MYTH 2: There’s a cure for hypertension.

Unfortunately, there is no cure for hypertension. But there are many ways to manage it and reduce its impact on your health, including lifestyle changes and medication. The American Heart Association recommends:

• Eating a well-balanced, low-salt diet
• Limiting alcohol
• Enjoying regular physical activity
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Taking doctor-prescribed medications properly

MYTH 3: Wine is good for the heart, so drink as much as you want.

While many doctors recommend drinking red wine for heart benefits, excess alcohol consumption can be deadly for people with hypertension. It can lead to heart failure, stroke, and irregular heartbeats.

Limit consumption to two drinks per day for men and one for women. Generally, one drink equals:

• One 12-ounce beer
• One 4-ounce glass of wine
• About 1.5 ounces of 80-proof liquor
• About 1 ounce of 100-proof liquor

MYTH 4: If you don’t salt your food, salt isn’t a big issue for you.

Most salt in food isn’t added at the last minute from your tabletop salt shaker. It’s processed into the food during manufacturing, especially for canned goods, soups, tomato products, and condiments. Check labels constantly and look for words like “sodium,” “soda,” and the abbreviation “Na,” which are all variations on salt.

MYTH 5: If you inherit hypertension, there’s nothing you can do about it.

While it’s impossible to prevent inheriting it, you can manage hypertension with lifestyle changes. Exercise, eating a low-salt diet, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding alcohol and smoking can have a positive impact on your blood pressure.

MYTH 6: If a doctor takes your blood pressure occasionally, that’s good enough.

This may be true for people without hypertension, but people with persistent high blood pressure should do monitoring at home. Your at-home monitoring device should be approved by your doctor.

It’s also a good idea to keep a blood pressure journal that tracks changes over time. If your blood pressure continues to rise despite medication, for example, your doctor needs to know this.

MYTH 7: When medication brings your blood pressure down, you can stop taking it.

Absolutely not! Never stop taking your medication without consulting your doctor. Hypertension can be a lifelong disease and you may need to take medication every day for the rest of your life. It’s worth it to protect your health.